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Simple Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram

Friday, September 26, 2014 | Labels: and, circuit, diagram, emergency, indicator, lamp, simple, turning | 0 comments |

This is a Simple Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram.White LEDs are replacing the conventional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs due to their high power efficiency and low operating voltage. These can be utilised optimally for emergency lamp and vehicle turning indication. The circuits for the purpose are given here.

Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram fig 1

Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a white-LED based emergency lamp. You can also use arrays of white LEDs as daytime running lamps in automobiles. In the emergency lamp, seven 1.2V AA-size Ni-Cd cells giving 8.4V have been used as the power source. The brightness is controlled by duty-cycle variation of an astable multivibrator working at 1 kHz. The astable multivibrator is built around IC1. Its output is connected to LED-driver transistor T1. Up to six branches of white LEDs can be connected in parallel, with each branch containing two LEDs in series (only three branches are used here). Depending on the application, different combinations of battery voltages and the number of LEDs in series can be made such as to keep the resistive losses low.

Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram fig 2

The charger circuit for a Ni-Cd battery is shown in Fig. 2. When the battery voltage is less than 9.8V, charging takes place since the voltage at the emitter of transistor T2 (VE) is 9.8V. The value of resistor R8 is chosen such that the battery charges at a rate of 70 mA per hour. The full charge voltage of the battery is 9.8V. When the battery reaches full voltage, the current reduces to approach the tickle charge value of few milliamperes.

Assemble both the circuits shown in Figs 1 and 2 on a general-purpose PCB. LEDs can also be mounted on the reflector of a lamp. After assembling, connect points A and GND of the emergency lamp circuit to the respective points of the battery charger circuit. Now your emergency lamp is ready to work.

To use the emergency lamp, switch on the circuit using switch S1. All the LEDs (LED1 through LED6) will glow to provide sufficient light.

Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram fig 3

Turning indicator shown in Fig. 3 is another application of the LEDs. It can be used for two-wheelers and draws limited power from the dynamo/battery. At low revolutions, headlight dims because of the increase in load. The white LED-based turning indicator circuit draws a fraction of the power drawn by conventional bulbs, and may last longer than the vehicle itself.The circuit comprises two identical sections for left and right turn indications.

The right turn indicator circuit is built around transistors T3 through T5 and white/yellow LEDs (LED8 through LED13). Similarly, the left turn indicator circuit is built around transistors T4, T6 and T7 and white/yellow LEDs (LED15 through LED20). Transistor T4 and the piezobuzzer are common for both-side indicators.

When you slide switch S2 towards right, blinking LED7, right-front LEDs (LED8 through LED10) and rear LEDs (LED11 through LED13) start blinking. Similarly, when you slide switch S2 towards left, blinking LED14, left-front LEDs (LED15 through LED17) and rear LEDs (LED18 through LED20) start blinking.Transistor T3 acts as the buffer, while transistor T4 drives the buzzer. Transistors T5 and T7 drive the LEDs.The LED array can be built using white LEDs or yellow LEDs depending on the colour of the indicator’s cover.

In case you use yellow LEDs, keep in mind that the forward drop voltage is around 1.8V for a single yellow LED and therefore the value of the resistance should be changed in accordance with the increase in the number of LEDs in series.Three white LEDs produce the light intensity of six yellow LEDs.

Copyrighted: EFY : Authors: Anantha Keshava and Shireen M. Baretto

Simple Pencell Charge Indicator Circuit Diagram

Friday, June 6, 2014 | Labels: charge, circuit, diagram, indicator, pencell, simple | 0 comments |

Small-size AA cells and button cells used in electronic devices providing a terminal voltage of 1.5V are normally rated at 500 mAh. As the cells discharge, their internal impedance increases to form a potential divider along with the load and the battery terminal voltage reduces. This, in turn, reduces the performance of the gadget and we are forced to replace the battery with a new one. But the same battery can be used again in some other application that requires less current.

Here’s a simple tester for quick checking of discharged pencells and button cells before throwing them away. The tester detects the holding charge of the battery and the terminal voltage to indicate whether the battery is suitable for a particular gadget or not.

A 9V battery can power the circuit with sufficient voltage and current. When you close switch S1, it provides stable 6V DC to the circuit.

Simple Pencell Charge Indicator Circuit Diagram

The circuit uses op-amp CA3140 (IC1) as a voltage comparator. It can sense even a slight voltage variation between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. The non-inverting input (pin 3) of IC1 is supplied with a voltage obtained from the battery under test, while its inverting input pin 2 is provided with a reference voltage of 1.4V derived by resistor R4 and series combination of diodes D1 and D2. Resistors R1 and R2 provide a loading of 10 mA and 100 mA, respectively, for checking the charge capacity.

When a new battery is connected to the test terminals, the non-inverting input of IC1 gets 1.5V, which exceeds the voltage of the inverting input and the output of IC1 goes high. This high output provides forward bias to transistor T1 through resistor R4 and it conducts to light up the green half of the bicolour LED (LED1). Simultaneously, the base of transistor T2 is pulled down and it turns off and the red half of bicolour LED1 remains off.

When a partially discharged battery (with a terminal voltage of less than 1.4 V) is connected to the test terminals, the output of IC1 goes low to switch off transistor T1. This allows transistor T2 to forward bias by taking bias voltage through resistor R5 and the red LED within bicolour LED1 glows.

Slide switch S2 is used to check whether the battery is holding sufficient current to drive a load of 10 mA or 100 mA. If the discharged battery holds more than 100mA current, the green LED within bicolour LED1 glows, indicating that the battery can be used again in a low-drain circuit.

The circuit can be easily constructed on a perforated board using readily available components. Enclose it in a small case with probes or battery holder for testing.

Sourced by: EFY Author: D. Mohan Kumar

Simple 110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

Wednesday, May 29, 2013 | Labels: 110, 220v, ac, and, indicator, led, simple, voltage | 0 comments |

This circuit, designed on request, has proven to be useful to indicate when the voltage in a power supply line is changing from 120V to 240Vac. It can be used in different circumstances and circuits, mainly when an increase in ac or dc supply voltage needs to be detected. D3 illuminates when the line voltage is approaching 120V and will remain in the on state also at 240V supply. On the other hand, D6 will illuminate only when the line voltage is about 240V and will stay on because the latching action of Q1, Q2 and related components. C1, D1 and D2 provide a low dc voltage in the 4.5V - 6V range in order to allow proper operation of latch circuit and LEDs.

Circuit diagram

Parts:

R1_____________470R 1/2W Resistor
R2_____________220K 1/4W Resistor
R3,R7__________470R 1/4W Resistors
R4_______________1K 1/4W Resistor
R5_______________2K2 1/4W Resistor
R6_____________330R 1/4W Resistor
C1_____________330nF 630V Polyester Capacitor
C2______________10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1,D2________1N4007 1000V 1A Diode
D3,D6___________LEDs (Color and shape at will)
D4_________BZX79C10 10V 500mW Zener Diode (See Notes)
D5___________1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
Q1____________BC547 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2____________BC557 45V 100mA PNP Transistor

Notes:

D4 value could require some adjustment in order to allow precise switching of the circuit at the chosen voltage. If the case, please try values in the 8.2V - 15V range.
Warning! The circuit is connected to 240Vac mains, then some parts in the circuit board are subjected to lethal potential! Avoid touching the circuit when plugged and enclose it in a plastic box.

How to Make an Ideal Automatic Water Level Controller and Indicator Circuit

Monday, May 27, 2013 | Labels: an, and, automatic, circuit, controller, how, ideal, indicator, level, make, to, water | 0 comments |

This system monitors the water level of the tank and automatically switches ON the motor when ever tank is empty. The motor is switched OFF when the overhead tank or container is FULL. Here the water level of the tank is indicated on LCD (Liquid crystal Display). Using this system, we can avoid the overflow of the water. We have already seen How water level indicator circuit works using AVR Microcontroller in the earlier post. But, here we are designing the circuit which is used to detect and control the water level automatically in overhead tank using 8051 microcontroller.

In this system water sensing can be done by using a set of 4 wires which are placed at different levels in tank. DC supply probe is placed at the base of the tank.
Water Level Controller using 8051 Circuit Principle:

This system mainly works on a principle that “water conducts electricity”. The four wires which are dipped into the tank will indicate the different water levels. Based on the outputs of these wires, microcontroller displays water level on LCD as well as controls the motor.
Water Level Controller using 8051 Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Components:

    At89c51 controller
    At89c51 programming board.
    16*2 LCD
    5V Relay
    Bc547 (NPN) transistors – 5
    Resistors (1K) – 4
    Resistor – 330 ohm
    AC Motor
    Pot – 10k
    Programming cable
    Connecting wires

Water Level Controller using 8051 Circuit Design:

The main heart of this project is AT89C51 microcontroller. The water level probes are connected to the P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, and P3.3 through the transistors. Port P2 connected to the data pins of LCD and control pins RS, RW and EN of LCD are connected to the P1.0, P1.1, and P1.2 respectively.

Initially when tank is empty, LCD will display the message EMPTY and motor runs automatically. When water level reaches to quarter level, now LCD displays QUARTER and still motor runs. For further levels, LCD displays the messages HALF and ¾ FULL.

When tank is full, LCD displays FULL and motor automatically stops. Again motor runs when tank is empty.

great idea from http://www.electronicshub.org/water-level-controller-using-8051-microcontroller/

110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

Saturday, April 13, 2013 | Labels: 110, 220v, ac, and, indicator, led, voltage | 0 comments |

Useful for power traces control, Simple, transformerless circuitry

This circuit, designed on request, has confirmed to be useful to indicate when the voltage in an influence supply line is changing from 120V to 240Vac. It can be utilized in numerous situations and circuits, mainly when an increase in ac or dc supply voltage must be detected. D3 illuminates when the road voltage is drawing near 120V and will stay in the on state also at 240V provide. On the opposite hand, D6 will illuminate best when the road voltage is about 240V and can stay on for the explanation that latching motion of Q1, Q2 and related elements. C1, D1 and D2 present a low dc voltage within the four.5V - 6V vary in order to permit right kind operation of latch circuit and LEDs.

Circuit diagram:
$\"110-220vac-voltage-$

110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator Circuit Diagram

Parts:
R1__________470R 1/2W Resistor
R2__________220K 1/4W Resistor
R3,R7_______470R 1/4W Resistors
R4__________1K 1/4W Resistor
R5__________2K2 1/4W Resistor
R6_________330R 1/4W Resistor
C1_________330nF 630V Polyester Capacitor
C2_________10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1,D2______N4007 1000V 1A Diode
D3,D6______LEDs (Color and shape at will)
D4_________BZX79C10 10V 500mW Zener Diode (See Notes)
D5_________1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
Q1_________BC547 four5V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2_________BC557 four5V 100mA PNP Transistor

Notes:

D4 price could require some adjustment to be ready to permit precise switching of the circuit at the chosen voltage. If the case, please try values in the eight.2V - 15V range.
Warning! The circuit is connected to 240Vac primarys, then some phases within the circuit board are subjected to lethal potential! Avoid touching the circuit when plugged and enclose it in a plastic field.

http://www.ecircuitslab.com/2011/07/110-and-220v-ac-led-voltage-indicator.html

Fastest Finger First Indicator

| Labels: fastest, finger, first, indicator | 0 comments |

Quiz-type sport shows are increasingly more becoming well-liked on tale imaginative and prescient at the current time. In such games, quickest finger first indications (FFFIs) are used to check the player’s response time. The participant’s special number is dis played with an audio alarm when the participant presses hellos entry button. The circuit presented here decides as to which of the four contestants first pressed the button and locks out the rest three entries. Simultaneously, an audio alarm and the proper decimal number display of the corresponding contestant are activated.

Circuit Diagram:
$\"Fastest$

Fastest Finger First Indicator Circuit Diagram

When a contestant presses hellos change, the corresponding output of latch IC2 (7475) adjustments its common sense state from 1 to zero. The combinational circuitry comprising dual four-input NAND gates of IC3 (7420) locks out subsequent entries by way of producing the fitting latch-disable sign. Priority encoder IC4 (74147) encodes the active-low enter situation into the cor responding binary coded decimal (BCD) quantity output. The outputs of IC4 after inversion by inverter gates within hex inverter 74LS04 (IC5) are coupled to BCD-to-7-segment decoder/display driver IC6 (7447). The output of IC6 drives common-anode 7-segment LED show (DIS.1, FND507 or LT543).

The audio alarm generator includes clock oscillator IC7 (555), whose output drives a loudspeaker. The oscillator frequency will additionally be varied with the help of preset VR1. Logic zero state at probably the most outputs of IC2 produces common sense 1 input situation at pin 4 of IC7, thereby enabling the audio oscillator. IC7 needs +12V DC provide for sufficient alarm stage. The last circuit functions on regulated +5V DC supply, which is acquired the use of IC1 (7805). Once the organiser identifies the contestant who pressed the change first, he disables the audio alarm and on the similar time powers the digital show to ‘0’ by means of pressing reset pushbutton S5. With a moderate change, this circuit can accommodate greater than four contestants.

Author : P. Rajesh Bhat – Copyright : EFY

Remote Audio Level Indicator

| Labels: audio, indicator, level, remote | 0 comments |

The standard degree-indicator circuits which can be available in the market require connections to be made to the output of the player, which may now not be simply accessible. The audio degree indicator circuit described right here take aways this limit as it can be placed on the topic of the participant’s audio system and yet the specified impact can be realised.

Circuit diagram :
$\"Remote$

Remote Audio Level Indicator Circuit Diagram

As proven within the circuit, signals are picked up with the aid of the condenser microphone, which get further amplified through the noninverting amplifier built around one of the vital 4 op-amps of LM324. The remaining three, along with 4 op-amps of the 2nd LM324, are used as seven comparators to work as the degree detector, giving seven output degrees via seven colored LEDs.

The sensitivity of the audio level indicator circuit is also superior by using various the 220k potentiometer. If a nice adjustment is desired, a four.7-kilohm potentiometer is also related in collection resistors with the 220k potentiometer.

Power On Indicator

Friday, April 12, 2013 | Labels: indicator, on, power | 0 comments |

Some types of electronic equipment do not provide any indication that they are actually on when they are switched on. This situation can occur when the back-light of a display is switched off. In addition, the otherwise mandatory mains power indicator is not required with equipment that consumes less than 10 watts. As a result, you can easily forget to switch off such equipment. If you want to know whether equipment is still drawing power from the mains, or if you want to have an indication that the equipment is switched on without having to modify the equipment, this circuit provides a solution.

One way to detect AC power current and generate a reasonably constant voltage independent of the load is to connect a string of diodes wired in reverse parallel in series with one of the AC supply leads. Here we selected diodes rated at 6 A that can handle a non-repetitive peak current of 200 A. The peak current rating is important in connection with switch-on currents. An advantage of the selected diodes is that their voltage drop increases at high currents (to 1.2 V at 6 A). This means that you can roughly estimate the power consumption from the brightness of the LED (at very low power levels). The voltage across the diodes serves as the supply voltage for the LED driver. To increase the sensitivity of the circuit, a cascade circuit (voltage doubler) consisting of C1, D7, D8 and C2 is used to double the voltage from D1–D6. Another benefit of this arrangement is that both halve- waves of the AC current are used. We use Schottky diodes in the cascade circuit to minimise the voltage losses.

Circuit diagram :

Power On Indicator Circuit Diagram

The LED driver is designed to operate the LED in blinking mode. This increases the amount of current that can flow though the LED when it is on, so the brightness is adequate even with small loads. We chose a duty cycle of pproximately 5 seconds off and 0.5 second on. If we assume a current of 2 mA for good brightness with a low-current LED and we can tolerate a 1-V drop in the supply voltage, the smoothing capacitor (C2) must have a value of 1000 µF. We use an astable multivibrator built around two transistors to implement a high-efficiency LED flasher. It is dimensioned to minimise the drive current of the transistors. The average current consumption is approximately 0.5 mA with a supply voltage of 3 V (2.7 mA when the LED is on; 0.2 mA when it is off). C4 and R4 determine the on time of the LED (0.5 to 0.6 s, depending on the supply volt-age). The LED off time is determined by C3 and R3 and is slightly less than 5 seconds. The theoretical value is R × C × ln2, but the actual value differs slightly due to the low supply voltage and the selected component values.

Diodes D1-D6 do not have to be special high-voltage diodes; the reverse volt-age is only a couple of volts here due the reverse-parallel arrangement. This voltage drop is negligible compared to the value of the mains voltage. The only thing you have to pay attention to is the maximum load. Diodes with a higher current rating must be used above 1 kW. In addition, the diodes may require cool-ing at such high power levels. Measurements on D1–D6 indicate that the voltage drop across each diode is approximately 0.4 V at a current of 1 mA. Our aim was to have the circuit give a reasonable indication at current levels of 1 mA and higher, and we succeeded nicely. However, it is essential to use a good low-current LED.

Caution: the entire circuit is at AC power potential. Never work on the circuit with the mains cable plugged in. The best enclosure for the circuit is a small, translucent box with the same colour as the LED. Use reliable strain reliefs for the mains cables entering and leaving the box (connected to a junction box, for example). The LED insulation does not meet the requirements of any defined insulation class, so it must be fitted such that it cannot be touched, which means it cannot protrude from the enclosure.

http://www.ecircuitslab.com

all about wiring diagram

Simple Emergency Lamp and Turning Indicator Circuit Diagram

Simple Pencell Charge Indicator Circuit Diagram

Simple 110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

Circuit diagram

Parts:

Notes:

How to Make an Ideal Automatic Water Level Controller and Indicator Circuit

110 and 220V AC LED Voltage Indicator

Fastest Finger First Indicator

Remote Audio Level Indicator

Power On Indicator

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